算法面试题

数组

1. 两数之和

public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
    Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
        int complement = target - nums[i];
        if (map.containsKey(complement)) {
            return new int[]{map.get(complement), i};
        }
        map.put(nums[i], i);
    }
    return new int[0];
}

2. 三数之和

public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
    List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
    Arrays.sort(nums);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length - 2; i++) {
        if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1]) continue;
        
        int left = i + 1, right = nums.length - 1;
        while (left < right) {
            int sum = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right];
            if (sum == 0) {
                result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]));
                while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left+1]) left++;
                while (left < right && nums[right] == nums[right-1]) right--;
                left++; right--;
            } else if (sum < 0) {
                left++;
            } else {
                right--;
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

3. 最大子数组和

public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
    int maxSum = nums[0], currSum = nums[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
        currSum = Math.max(nums[i], currSum + nums[i]);
        maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, currSum);
    }
    return maxSum;
}

链表

4. 反转链表

public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
    ListNode prev = null, curr = head;
    while (curr != null) {
        ListNode next = curr.next;
        curr.next = prev;
        prev = curr;
        curr = next;
    }
    return prev;
}

5. 合并两个有序链表

public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
    ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
    ListNode curr = dummy;
    
    while (l1 != null && l2 != null) {
        if (l1.val <= l2.val) {
            curr.next = l1;
            l1 = l1.next;
        } else {
            curr.next = l2;
            l2 = l2.next;
        }
        curr = curr.next;
    }
    curr.next = l1 != null ? l1 : l2;
    return dummy.next;
}

6. 环形链表

public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
    ListNode slow = head, fast = head;
    while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
        slow = slow.next;
        fast = fast.next.next;
        if (slow == fast) return true;
    }
    return false;
}

二叉树

7. 二叉树最大深度

public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
    if (root == null) return 0;
    return 1 + Math.max(maxDepth(root.left), maxDepth(root.right));
}

8. 验证二叉搜索树

public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
    return validate(root, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
}

private boolean validate(TreeNode node, long min, long max) {
    if (node == null) return true;
    if (node.val <= min || node.val >= max) return false;
    return validate(node.left, min, node.val) 
        && validate(node.right, node.val, max);
}

动态规划

9. 爬楼梯

public int climbStairs(int n) {
    if (n <= 2) return n;
    int a = 1, b = 2;
    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
        int c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
    }
    return b;
}

10. 最长递增子序列

public int lengthOfLIS(int[] nums) {
    int[] dp = new int[nums.length];
    Arrays.fill(dp, 1);
    int maxLen = 1;
    
    for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
            if (nums[i] > nums[j]) {
                dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i], dp[j] + 1);
            }
        }
        maxLen = Math.max(maxLen, dp[i]);
    }
    return maxLen;
}